[互動理論] Osgood-Schramm's communication model in 1954

Another well-known communication model is the Osgood-Schramm circular model, which has been proposed by Schramm (1954). In the Shannon and Weaver’s communication model, the process of communication could be considered as a linear process; on contrary, the Osgood-Schramm model is highly circular. Moreover, another distinctive characteristic between Shannon and Weaver’s and Osgood-Schramm’s models is that the former mainly directed to the channels mediating between the senders and receivers; while the later devotes their discussion to personal behavior of individuals in the communication process. Nevertheless, some similarities could be figured out between two approaches.

In Shannon and Weaver’s model, they made a distinction between source and transmitter and between receiver and destination; however, in the Osgood- Schramm case, they do not use the terms of transmitters and receivers; on contrary, they describe three cognitive functions of individuals, which are encoding, decoding, and interpreting. Compared to Shannon and Weaver’s model, the encoding behavior is similar to the transmitting signals and the decoding function is similar to receiving signals. Schramm and Osgood’s interpreting function of both sides is matched in Shannon and Weaver’s model by the source and the destination.